Loopback 2 1 34

1. Loopback 1.2.1
2. Loopback 2 1 34 Inches

Important: If you're new to LoopBack, use the current release,LoopBack 4.0.

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To ask questions and discuss how you are using LoopBack, check out the LoopBack Developer Forum .

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Note:IBM API Connect is an end-to-end API management solution that uses LoopBack to create APIs, and provides integrated build and deployment tools. For more information, see Installing IBM API Connect.

If you are an IBM customer, for technical support see the IBM Support Portal.

The LoopBack framework

The LoopBack framework is a set of Node.js modules that you can use independently or together to quickly build REST APIs.

A LoopBack application interacts with data sources through the LoopBack model API, available locally within Node.js, remotely over REST, and via native client APIs foriOS, Android, and HTML5. Using these APIs, apps can query databases,store data, upload files, send emails, create push notifications, register users, and perform other actions provided by data sources and services.

Clients can call LoopBack APIs directly using Strong Remoting, a pluggable transport layer that enables you to provide backend APIs over REST, WebSockets, and other transports.

The following diagram illustrates key LoopBack modules, how they are related, and their dependencies.

Overview

LoopBack models automatically have a standard set of HTTP endpointsthat provide REST APIs for create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) operations on model data.The public property in model-config.json specifies whether to expose the model's REST APIs, for example:

/server/model-config.json

To 'hide' the model's REST API, simply change public to false.

REST paths

By default, the REST APIs are mounted to the plural of the model name; specifically:

• Model.settings.http.path
• plural, if defined in the Model definition JSON file.
• Automatically-pluralized model name (the default). For example, if you have a location model, by default it is mounted to /locations.

Using the REST Router

By default, scaffolded applications expose models over REST using the loopback.rest router.

Important:

If you created your application using the application generator, LoopBack will automatically set up REST middleware and register public models. You don't need to do anything additional.

To manually expose a model over REST with the loopback.rest router, use the following code, for example:

After this, the Product model will have create, read, update, and delete functions working remotely from mobile.At this point, the model is schema-less and the data are not checked.

You can then view generated REST documentation at http://localhost:3000/explorer

LoopBack provides a number of built-in models that have REST APIs.See Built-in models REST API for more information.

Request format

For POST and PUT requests, the request body can be JSON, XML or URL-encoded format, with the Content-Type header set to one of:

• application/json
• application/xml
• application/x-www-form-urlencoded

The Accept header indicates its preference for the response format.

Tip: Setting the request's Accept header to application/vnd.api-json will result in the response's Content-Type header being automatically set to application/vnd.api-json if application/vnd.api-json is in the array of supported types.

Set the supported types with the remoting.rest.supportedTypes property in config.json.

Passing JSON object or array using HTTP query string

Some REST APIs take a JSON object or array from the query string. LoopBack supports two styles to encode the object/array value as query parameters.

• Syntax from node-querystring (qs)
• Stringified JSON

For example,

The table below illustrates how to encode the JSON object/array in different styles:

Response format

The response format for all requests is typically a JSON object/array or XML in the body and a set of headers.Some responses have an empty body. For example,

The HTTP status code indicates whether a request succeeded:

• Status code 2xx indicates success
• Status code 4xx indicates request related issues.
• Status code 5xx indicates server-side problems

The response for an error is in the following JSON format:

• message: String error message.
• stack: String stack trace.
• statusCode: Integer HTTP status code.

For example,

Disabling API Explorer

LoopBack API Explorer is great when you're developing your application,but for security reasons you may not want to expose it in production.

For an application using loopback-component-explorer, to disable explorer in production:

• Set the NODE_ENV environment variable to 'production'.
• Then in server/component-config.production.json:

server/component-config.production.json

Predefined remote methods

By default, for a model backed by a data source that supports it,LoopBack exposes a REST API that provides all the standard create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) operations.

As an example, consider a simple model called Location (that provides business locations) to illustrate the REST API exposed by LoopBack.LoopBack automatically creates a number of Node methods with corresponding REST endpoints, including:

The following table describes remote methods exposed in LoopBack 3.x:

As you see the only difference between LoopBack 2.x and 3.0 in default configuration is the behaviour of HTTP PUT endpoints (both PUT /api/my-models and PUT /api/my-models/:id). By default in LoopBack 2.x, these endpoints invoke patch methods and perform a partial update, while in LoopBack 3.0, these methods perform a full replace.

replaceOnPUT flag

Use the replaceOnPUT property in model.json to change the behavior of mapping replace and update methods. If replaceOnPUT is true, replaceOrCreate and replaceById use the HTTP PUT method; if it is false, updateOrCreate and updateAttributes/patchAttributes use the HTTP PUT method.

The following example illustrates how to set replaceOnPUT in location.json:

Tip: The above table provides a partial list of methods and REST endpoints.See the API documentation for a complete list of all the Node API methods. See PersistedModel REST API for details on the REST API.

Exposing and hiding models, methods, and endpoints

To expose a model over REST, set the public property to true in /server/model-config.json:

Hiding methods and REST endpoints

If you don't want to expose certain operations, hide them by calling disableRemoteMethodByName() on the model. For example, following the previous example, by convention custom model code would go in the file common/models/location.js.You would add the following lines to 'hide' one of the predefined remote methods:

common/models/location.js

Now the deleteById() operation and the corresponding REST endpoint will not be publicly available.

For a method on the prototype object, such as updateAttributes():

common/models/location.js

Important: Be sure to call disableRemoteMethodByName() on your own custom model, not one of the built-in models; in the example below, for instance, the calls are MyUser.disableRemoteMethodByName()notUser.disableRemoteMethodByName().

Here's an example of hiding all methods of the MyUser model through configuration, except for login and logout: Glyphs 2 1 – dependable and intuitive font editor.

In server/model-config.json:

You can also hide common methods across all models through config.json's remoting object as follows:

Alternatively you can also disable remoteMethods through javascript in your myUser.js model:

Read-Only endpoints example

You may want to only expose read-only operations on your model hiding all POST, PUT, DELETE verbs

common/models/model.js

Hiding endpoints for related models

Loopback 1.2.1

To disable a REST endpoints for related model methods, use disableRemoteMethodByName().

Note:For more information, see Accessing related models.

For example, if there are post and tag models, where a post hasMany tags, add the following code to /common/models/post.js to disable the remote methods for the related model and the corresponding REST endpoints:

Hiding properties

To hide a property of a model exposed over REST, define a hidden property.See Model definition JSON file (Hidden properties).

Tip:Hidden and protected properties are subtly different.

• hidden determines whether a property is returned by a query directly against the model that contains the property.
• protected determines whether a property is returned by a query against a model that has a relation to the model being queried.

Loopback 2 1 34 Inches

For more information, see Hidden properties.